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Throughout this period, a large social movement was occurring in Japanese society against the US occupation, the Japanese government, and the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the US and Japan abbreviated as Anpo or Ampo.

Coalescing around various student organizations and known collectively as Zengakuren, this movement reached its peak in the mid-1960s on the Japanese main islands.

Mass demonstrations, civil unrest, and violent clashes with authorities were rampant throughout major Japanese cities during this time. By the late 1960s, this collation of groups had been either dismantled and dispersed through Japanese governmental actions or simple diffusion due to ideological splits within the group itself.

Ellis S. Kraus. The 1960s’ Japanese Student Movement in Retrospect. In: Bernstein G.L., Fukui H. (eds) Japan and the World. St Antony’s Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08682-5_6 (1988).