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From the mid-1960s, Okinawa had not only hosted permanently assigned United States Armed Forces, but also served as a transshipment point for military personnel going into and out of the Vietnam Theater of Operations (VTO). This also includes military personnel on rest and recuperation (R&R) from the VTO. Without getting into a debate on the causes, crime rates on Okinawa skyrocketed, with sexual assaults and vehicle accidents becoming a rampant problem throughout the late-1960s.

Okinawa City Government Office. Koza Riot, 20 December 1970. Okinawa City, Japan: Yui Publishing, 1999.