Mt Scott - Guipago's (Lone Wolf "the Elder's) Final Resting Place

Mt Scott Observation Area, Lawton, OK 73507
GPS Coordinates: 34.743793, -98.531936

Guipago's final resting place is in the Mt Scott area, in the Wichita Mountains, where he was buried in a secret place.

Guipago (Gui-pah-gho, or Lone Wolf "the Elder" ) (c. 1820 – July 1879) was the last Principal Chief of the Kiowa tribe. He was a member of the Koitsenko, the Kiowa warrior elite, and was a signer of the Little Arkansas Treaty in 1865.

Background
The Kiowa flourished as nomadic hunters in the early 19th century. In 1807, they allied with the Comanche in a treaty drawn up by the Spanish Americans at Las Vegas, NM. In 1863 Guipago, accompanied Yellow Wolf, Yellow Buffalo, Little Heart, and White Face Buffalo Calf; two Kiowa women Coy and Etla; and the Indian agent, Samuel G. Colley, to Washington D.C. to establish a policy that would favor the Kiowa, but it was a futile attempt.

In the Little Arkansas Treaty of 1865 Dohasan the last Chief of the unified Kiowa signed the peace treaty along with Guipago and other chiefs. Dohasan scorned the peace policy because he knew there would be no more buffalo in Kiowa hunting grounds and Guipago also knew the Kiowas could not live without buffalo hunts. In the following years Guipago, along with Satanta (White Bear), old Satank (Sitting Bear) the leader of the Koitsenko Warrior Society, Zepko-ete (Big Bow), Manyi-ten (Woman's Heart), Set-imkia (Stumbling Bear), Aupia-goodle (Red Otter), Tsen-tainte (White Horse), Ado-ete (Big Tree) led many raids in Texas and Oklahoma, and in Mexico too, playing his very important role as political antagonist of Tene-angopte’s (Kicking Bird) appeasement politics.

October 21, 1867, Guipago did not sign the Medicine Lodge Treaty. The Medicine Lodge Treaty led to the United States taking possession of 2,001,933 acres of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Plains Apache Reservation. This does not include the 23,000 acres of the Fort Sill Military Reservation.

Political Career
In the winter of 1866 Dohasan, leader of the Kiowa for more than 30 years, died. Guipago was chosen by the Kiowa people to represent them in Washington, DC. After the Salt Creek massacre of the "Warren wagon-train" in May 18, Satanta having foolishly bragged of his, Satank’s (Sitting Bear), and Ado-ete’s (Big Tree) involvement in the raid, Gen. William T. Sherman ordered the arrest of all three. Guipago came in, armed and ready to fight, and tried, unsuccessfully, in front of the massive presence of military troops, to prevent their arrest (May 27). Satank was killed along the way to Jacksboro, and Satanta and Ado-ete were sentenced in 1871 to Huntsville prison. Guipago gained the release of Satanta and Ado-ete in 1873 by promising that his tribe would remain at peace. Guipago returned a hero.

During 1873, Guipago became again feared throughout the Southern Plains; he joined Quanah Parker and his Comanche in their attack on Anglo buffalo hunters at Adobe Walls and fought the Army to a standstill at the Anadarko Agency on August 22, 1874. He fought the Texas Rangers at Lost Valley, and the U.S. Cavalry at Palo Duro Canyon. With the buffalo gone he and his people surrendered in February 1875.

Death and legacy
Guipago and his band surrendered in 1875. He was singled out along with 27 others by Tene-angopte on order of the U.S. Army for incarceration at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida. He was found guilty of rebellion and sentenced to confinement in the dungeons of the old fort vulnerable to malaria and measles. Guipago contracted malaria during his imprisonment and was sent home in 1879 to live out his days. He died in July 1879.

Current
In 1996 the Old Chief Lone Wolf Descendants created a historical organization in honor of Old Chief Lone Wolf, Gui-pah-gho, The Elder, to remember him as a man of peace, a recognized council leader, an elite warrior, a Sun Dancer, a Kiowa father, and a great Chief of the Kiowa people who fought for the Kiowas' homeland. A memorial bust of Old Chief Lone Wolf-Guipahgo was dedicated at the Kiowa Tribal Complex in Carnegie, OK, on May 27, 2000. The bust is on display at the Ft. Sill Army Museum.

Source:
* Wikipedia contributors. (2018, November 7). Guipago. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:38, January 17, 2019, from en.wikipedia.org